Summary about Disease
A subconjunctival hemorrhage occurs when a small blood vessel breaks underneath the conjunctiva, the clear membrane covering the white part of the eye (sclera). Blood gets trapped beneath the conjunctiva, causing a bright red patch to appear on the eye. It often looks alarming but is usually harmless and resolves on its own. It's akin to a bruise on the eye.
Symptoms
Bright red patch on the white of the eye (sclera). This is usually the most prominent and noticeable symptom.
Mild irritation or a feeling of fullness in the eye.
Rarely, mild discomfort.
Vision is NOT affected.
Causes
Straining (coughing, sneezing, vomiting, bearing down).
Eye rubbing.
Injury to the eye.
High blood pressure.
Blood thinning medications (aspirin, warfarin).
Blood clotting disorders.
Sometimes, no identifiable cause.
Medicine Used
Artificial tears can be used to alleviate any mild irritation or discomfort.
No specific medication is typically required to treat a subconjunctival hemorrhage itself, as it usually resolves on its own. However, if an underlying condition such as high blood pressure or a blood clotting disorder is identified, treatment for that condition may be necessary.
Is Communicable
No, a subconjunctival hemorrhage is not contagious. It is not caused by an infection and cannot be spread from person to person.
Precautions
Avoid rubbing the eye vigorously.
If you are on blood thinners, consult with your doctor about appropriate dosage.
If you have frequent subconjunctival hemorrhages, consult with your doctor to rule out underlying medical conditions such as high blood pressure or bleeding disorders.
Protect eyes from injury by wearing appropriate eye protection in situations where injury is possible.
How long does an outbreak last?
A subconjunctival hemorrhage typically resolves on its own within 1-3 weeks. The red patch will gradually fade as the blood is reabsorbed.
How is it diagnosed?
A subconjunctival hemorrhage is typically diagnosed through a simple visual examination by a doctor (general physician or eye doctor). No special tests are usually required. The doctor may ask about your medical history, medications, and any recent injuries or activities that could have caused the hemorrhage.
Timeline of Symptoms
Day 1-3: Noticeable bright red patch appears, possibly with mild irritation.
Day 4-7: Redness may spread slightly or remain the same.
Week 2: Redness begins to fade, possibly changing color to yellowish or brownish.
Week 3: Redness continues to fade, and the eye gradually returns to its normal appearance.
Beyond 3 weeks: If the hemorrhage persists beyond 3 weeks, a follow-up with a doctor is recommended.
Important Considerations
While usually harmless, recurrent subconjunctival hemorrhages or those associated with other symptoms (pain, vision changes) warrant medical evaluation to rule out underlying conditions.
If the hemorrhage is accompanied by eye pain, vision changes, or a history of significant eye trauma, seek immediate medical attention.
The appearance of a subconjunctival hemorrhage can be alarming, but reassurance is important as the condition is usually self-limiting.